As well as the new homes, of which 40% will be affordable, the proposals for the 38 hectare site include retail space, two children's play areas, a park, communal gardens, a new junction onto the A40 and a potential hotel.
The scheme will also have a community hub comprising a primary school, a multi-games area, three sports pitches, a community sports pavilion and multi-use community space.
The development will be spread across three areas, which the Council said would be integrated with neighbouring communities and the wider city. It said that the proposals have been subject to extensive public consultation with the local community and stakeholders.
The outline application sets out the proposed layout and scale of the new neighbourhood along with an environmental statement, design code and planning statement. A number of detailed planning applications setting out design details and landscaping will be submitted later.
The Council set out its vision for the site in the Barton Area Action Plan which was adopted in December last year.
"This is a major step towards the creation of an enlarged Barton community, providing much-needed homes for rent and for purchase, together with the social, retail and community facilities that will complement existing Barton facilities," said Council Leader Bob Price in a statement.
"Great care is being taken with the design of the new homes and their link to the parks and green areas within and at the edge of the development. I feel confident that this planning application will lead to the creation of a really good place to live, and I would like to thank the architects and engineers who have created the vision for the Barton of the future," he said.
"The submission is a great step forward in delivering a vibrant and exemplar new sustainable community in Oxford," said Grosvenor project director Ed Skeates.
"We're hopeful that the new homes and community facilities will add value to those that live and work in the area and that the delivery of the park, community hub and retail facilities will act as a catalyst to improve the area's vitality and viability."
Grosvenor said that it hopes to start delivering the new homes from late 2015.
